screw‑capped container
URINE
3.0 mL
It must be clean, sterile, and have a secure, leak-proof lid. The interior of the container and the inside of the lid must not be touched to prevent contamination.
qPCR
(RML)
Contamination: The most common source of error. Bacteria from the skin, hands, or genital area getting into the sample can lead to false positive results or make the results difficult to interpret.
Antibiotic Use: Taking antibiotics before the sample collection can suppress bacterial growth, leading to a false negative result, even if an infection is present.
Diluted Urine: Drinking excessive fluids before the test can dilute the urine, making it harder to detect bacteria or white blood cells, potentially causing a false negative.
Medications: Certain over-the-counter medications, like phenazopyridine (Azo), can change the urine color and interfere with some test results.
Delay in Transport/Improper Storage: Leaving the sample at room temperature for an extended period allows bacteria to multiply, skewing the bacterial count.
Timing: If possible, collect the first-morning specimen, as it is generally more concentrated and better for testing.
Gloves: Healthcare professionals collecting the sample (e.g., via catheterization) should wear gloves and maintain a sterile technique.
No Tampons (for women): If menstruating, it is recommended to insert a tampon before collecting the urine sample to avoid contamination with blood.
Do Not Collect from Drainage Bag: If the patient has a catheter, collect the fresh urine sample from the catheter port using a needle and syringe after disinfecting the port, not from the main collection bag.
